Area dos: Horney’s Moving forward Direction into Psychodynamic Idea
Horney don’t expose a particular principle of identification. Rather, the lady profession went on as a consequence of several stages in and that she handled the issues that have been regarding sort of concern in order to the lady at the committed. Appropriately, the woman theories should be grouped for the three values: female mindset, community and you will interrupted peoples matchmaking, last but most certainly not least, brand new adult concept, where she focused on the distinction between social and you may intrapsychic defenses (Paris, 1994).
Feminine Therapy
Horney try neither the initial, neither truly the only, tall girl during the early days of psychodynamic principle and you will psychoanalysis. not, ladies instance Helene Deutsch, Marie Bonaparte, Anna Freud, and you may Melanie Klein remained faithful so you’re able to Freud’s first theories. On the other hand, Horney individually confronted Freud’s concepts and you may considering her very own solutions. When you look at the this, she provided an incredibly different direction on the psychology of women and you may character growth in people and you can female. Their records have been built-up and you can composed inside Female Therapy from the the girl pal and you can associate Harold Kelman (1967), and you will an excellent breakdown of the articles are located in the fresh new bio compiled by Rubins (1978).
In her first two records, Towards Genesis of one’s Castration Complex in women (Horney, ) therefore the Flight out-of Womanhood (Horney, ), Horney challenged the brand new Freudian perspective to the emotional development of ladies. Though she recognized Freud’s groundbreaking ideas, even as it applied to women, she thought that it suffered from a male perspective and that the fresh people who originally provided this type of concepts only failed to discover the feminine position. Horney assented that women write knob jealousy, but thought that this is not the only real dynamic push influencing creativity inside phallic phase. Females envy the skill of men so you can pee standing up, the truth that males can see the pussy, additionally the cousin simplicity in which men can be see its focus for genital stimulation. More critical for females than just dick jealousy, although not, was the fear and you will nervousness girls experience with reference to vaginal injury whenever they was to currently have gender with regards to fathers (and this, Horney agreed, they may dream regarding the). Therefore, they feel another dynamic push titled people vaginal stress. Several other section of the castration cutting-edge in women, according to Horney, is actually caused by castration aspirations that she called injured womanhood (including the fact the woman was castrated).
Much more essential than simply these very first techniques, not, try the male bias inherent inside the society and you may culture. The very title phallic stage means merely somebody which have a beneficial phallus (penis) can perform sexual pleasure and you may healthy character creativity. Lady is actually many times made to be inferior incomparison to males, feminine viewpoints are considered inferior to male values, also motherhood is regarded as an encumbrance for women to help you happen (according to the Bible, the pain off childbearing is an excellent curse regarding Goodness). Likewise, male-ruled societies do not render women with adequate sites due to their innovative pushes. This means that, many women write a manliness state-of-the-art connected with thoughts out-of payback facing guys and also the rejection of one’s own female attributes. Hence, it may be true that women are prone to suffer away from stress and other psychological disorders, but that isn’t due to an intrinsic inferiority as recommended by Freud. As an alternative, lady find it Г‡eГ§en seksi kadД±nlar too difficult in an excellent patriarchal people to generally meet the private growth in accordance using their private personality (unless of course they needless to say occur to match society’s standards).
Probably the really curious element of these early knowledge are the newest fact that Horney turned into the dining tables into the Freud along with his layout from cock envy. The woman’s physical role when you look at the childbearing try greatly superior (if that is a proper term) to that particular of your men. Horney listed that numerous men display an intense jealousy of being pregnant and you will motherhood. If this thus-named uterus jealousy ‘s the men equal of knob jealousy, the higher state? Horney shows that this new appear to better necessity of men so you’re able to depreciate females are a reflection of their involuntary thoughts away from inferiority due into very limited character it enjoy into the childbirth and also the raising of children (such breast-feeding infants, which they cannot manage). While doing so, new powerful imaginative drives and you may excess aspiration that are feature from lots of men can be looked at, considering Horney, because the overcompensation for their limited part from inside the child-rearing. Thus, because great and sexual as the motherhood is generally, it may be a burden in the same way your guys whom dominate area enjoys became it facing girls. This is exactly, naturally, an irrational state of affairs, because the children getting produced and you can raised because of the women can be together with the kids of the very boys whom following feel inferior and you can psychologically endangered.